Antigua and Barbuda Azerbaijan Sudan In 1979, a bright flash of light was seen between Bouvet and Prince Edward Islands by the United States Vela satellite. A boat, marooned on the island, with a pair of oars a few hundred yards away, lay in a lagoon within the new landmass. Altai In 356, the city of Hegra is again mentioned, as being led by a mayor of local origin, but it seems to have been very little[12]. Morocco [23][25][26][27], Since the 1970s, the island has been visited frequently by Norwegian Antarctic expeditions. Like Atlas Obscura and get our latest and greatest stories in your Facebook feed. Cold storage for agricultural biodiversity. Prussia His being mentioned either as a Christian himself or at least tolerant of Christians would fit with his originating from a people which was in the process of Christianization at the time of his rule. WebInitial contacts. All rights reserved. Navarre Svartstranda is a section of black sand which runs 1.8km (1.1mi) along the section from Kapp Meteor, south to Kapp Fie. The island lies 1,700km (1,100mi) north of the Princess Astrid Coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, 1,900km (1,200mi) east of the South Sandwich Islands, 1,845km (1,146mi) south of Gough Island, and 2,600km (1,600mi) south-southwest of the coast of South Africa. [14] The temperature 30cm (12in) below the surface is 25C (77F). The Vela Incident is another strange yet interesting event linked to the Bouvet Island mystery. Index of the Atlas Middle Ages For sources of the introduction see therefore the Wikipedia entries linked to. [citation needed] Gallus' retreat to Alexandria was completed in sixty days. This thread is archived New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast 662 41 41 comments Best 94067 7 yr. ago There's also a point in the ocean called Point Nemo that is the farthest from any land--over 1,500 miles to the nearest island. Oceans, Themes Greece Originally discovered in 1739 by Norwegian explorer Jean Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier, the island is a wasteland of rocks and ice, with no vegetation aside from the occasional lichen or moss. Armenia The most convincing and rational explanation could be found in the book ofTransactionsof the Oceanographical Institute(Moscow, 1960), in Page No 129. (bilandsloven)", "Forskrift om fredning av Bouvetya med tilliggende territorialfarvann som naturreservat", "Historical and geological notes on Bouvetya", "Israel's 1979 nuclear test and the U.S. cover-up", "Norsk feltstasjon tatt av naturkreftene ved Antarktis", "Islands of Jan Mayen and Bouvet as parts of a serial transnational nomination of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge system", "The Law applicable to the Continental Shelf and in the Exclusive Economic Zone", "Making history summiting the most remote land on earth", "Bouvet Island DXpedition is On the Air! Old maps So Tom and Prncipe Iraq [48] In spite of these severe climate conditions, Bouvet Island actually is located four degrees of latitude closer to the equator than the southernmost tip of Norway, which is located at 58N. Runion [5] Strabo's account is particularly detailed,[6] and derives most of its information from Aelius Gallus himself, who was a personal friend of Strabo.[7]. The island was annexed by the Kingdom of Norway in 1927 following a Norwegian expeditions stay on the island. Japan [33] There is a controversy as to whether the fisheries are sustainable, particularly in relation to krill being important food for whales. United Arab Emirates Offer subject to change without notice. [7]:63 The next expedition to spot the island was Joseph Fuller and his ship Francis Allyn in 1893, but he was not able to land on the island. It establishes that Norwegian criminal law, private law and procedural law apply to the island, in addition to other laws that explicitly state they are valid on the island. Press J to jump to the feed. Sign up for our newsletter and enter to win the second edition of our book. Some of that lead settled on Greenland's ice cap and mixed in with ever-accumulating layers of ice. Under Augustus they were a Roman client kingdom. Many have tried to draw a conclusion to the Bouvet Island mystery saying, the boat was somehow washed up in Bouvet Island from currents in the ocean. He was "the son of Lucius Septimius Herod (Hairn), the senator and chief of Tadmor, the son of Vaballathus (Wahballath), the son of Nasor"[16] and was the romanized Arab ruler of Palmyra and later his wife Zenobia and son Vaballathus ruled the short lived Palmyrene Empire. [74], The exclusive economic zone surrounding the island covers an area of 441,163km2 (170,334sqmi).[75]. Follow us on Twitter to get the latest on the world's hidden wonders. I saw this post yesterday and spent about 45 minutes learning about the island, the history, conspiracy theories concerning covert nuclear tests, how sovereignty was established even in the early 20th century etc. Turks and Caicos Islands WebBouvet Island (Norwegian: Bouvetya, previously spelled Bouvet-ya) is an uninhabited subantarctic volcanic island and dependency of Norway located in the South Atlantic Ocean at 5425.8S 322.8E. Ireland [22] On 17December 1971, the entire island and its territorial waters were protected as a nature reserve. Slovenia Senegal Kosovo Clipperton Island The people were withdrawn by helicopter on November 29, 1958.. [51], Store Kari is an islet located 1.2km (0.75mi) east of the cape. In 1927, the island was spotted by a Norwegian expedition, and they claimed the island as a Norvegian land. From the sky, it looks like a giant, flattened snowball. The stone block moved by ancient peoples that weighs twice the weight of the Statue of Liberty. At Nyrysa, five species of moss, six ascomycetes (including five lichens), and twenty algae have been recorded. [14] The plateau is 3.5km (2.2mi) across[59] and surrounded by several peaks. Austria Tristan da Cunha is another remote island and the nearest inhabited landmass from the Bouvet Island which is 1,400 miles far from it. Peru Guadeloupe Final resting place of Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton. How did they get there over a thousand miles from civilization with nothing more than a pair of oars? Vatican City Press J to jump to the feed. Zambia If there is a middle of nowhere, this nineteen square mile piece of land in the Atlantic ocean, uninhabited and covered by glacial ice, is undoubtedly that one. This implies that the island can be ceded without violating the first article of the Constitution of Norway. Niger Palmyra Atoll of land surface. [71], The annexation of the island is regulated by the Dependency Act of 24March 1933. Southern right whale, humpback whale, fin whale, southern right whale dolphin, hourglass dolphin, and killer whale are seen in the surrounding waters. Seychelles Map to show the partition of the empire following the Fourth Crusade, c.1204. French Guiana Indeed, the Romans found a powerful ally in the Arabs called Ghassanids, who moved from the area of Marib to southern Syria mainly in the 2nd century. Vegetation is limited because of the ice cover, although snow algae are recorded. The Island was discovered by Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier on January 1, 1739. South Sudan These theories come from a plethora of icebergs beyond the Chart of Truth Wendigoon is using. The Roman Empire, founded in 27 B.C., was a vast and powerful domain that gave rise to the culture, laws, technologies and institutions that continue to define Western civilization. From the time of Augustus to the Fall of the Western Empire, Rome dominated Western Eurasia, comprising the majority of its population. Observations and surveying were conducted on the island and oceanographic measurements performed in the sea around it. [11][12]:434435 Lindsay could confirm that the "cape" was indeed an island. Serbia 2023 Atlas Obscura. Equatorial Guinea Thailand Hong Kong Baker Island Nunatsiavut Perhaps, they were rescued by helicopter or ship and had left the boat abandoned there. Jersey Sardinia Honduras Athos Irrigation of these crops was enabled by the Great Dam of Ma'rib. Greenland Catalonia Being the worlds most remote island, Bouvet Island is located nearly 1,000 miles from another swath of landa sector of Antarctica called Queen Maud Land. Less than 10% of the ocean has been explored. Jamaica Mystery solved. South America Edinburgh: Charles Skilton, 1982, Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands, "Lov om Bouvet-ya, PeterI's y og Dronning Maud Land m.m. For plant lovers, the island is indeed heaven too. The country which probably is furthest away. Quick reference - Roman Empire of Bouvet Island - World Wraps - Y2K bug actually happened - Retrocausal cosmic abortion - Doing the Thing + Importance of Love - Suicide Treatment - Flanderization of God - Encordings (apparently different from Encorings) - Metaphysical caves - Great Vertical Way - Reality protagonist - Skeleton key sequence Southern fulmar is by far the most common non-penguin bird with 100,000individuals. Roman expansion began long before the state was changed into an Empire and reached its zenith under emperor Trajan with the conquest of Mesopotamia and Armenia in AD 116. Yugoslavia, Former dependencies and overseas territories This mansion on an island off the coast of Georgia once belonged to a 108-year-old heiress. Roman expansion began long before the state was changed into an Empire and reached its zenith under emperor Trajan with the conquest of Mesopotamia and Armenia in AD 116. In 1927, the island was spotted by a Norwegian expedition, and they claimed the island as a Norvegian land. Australia Geographically, the Ghassanid kingdom occupied much of Syria, Mount Hermon (Lebanon), Jordan and Palestine, and its authority extended via tribal alliances with other "Azdi" tribes all the way to the northern Hejaz as far south as Yathrib (Medina). By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. [7]:59, The island's total coastline is 29.6km (18.4mi). [50] From there, east to Kapp Valdivia, the coast is known as Morgenstiernekysten. Some of that lead settled on Greenland's ice cap and mixed in with ever-accumulating layers of ice. Then part of the Kingdom of Saba, the area of modern-day Yemen was called Arabia Felix (Latin for 'Happy Arabia' or 'Fortunate Arabia') by the Romans, reflecting its perceived prosperity. On 23February 2006, the island experienced a magnitude6.2 earthquake whose epicentre was about 100km (62mi) away,[28] weakening the station's foundation and causing it to be blown to sea during a winter storm. Grytviken, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Tristan da Cunha Dominica Nicaragua Karakalpakstan San Marino Nepal [c], Bouvet Island is assigned the amateur radio callsign prefix 3Y0,[37] and several amateur radio DX-peditions have been conducted to the island. Faroe Islands pp. The island was discovered by a French explorer Charles Bouvet, but now the French are not the people who own Bouvet Island. Congo (Democratic Republic) How devastating viruses, pandemics, and other natural catastrophes swept through the far-flung Roman Empire and helped to bring down one of the mightiest civilizations of the ancient world Series: The Princeton History of the Ancient World Hardcover Price: $45.00/38.00 ISBN: 9780691166834 Published: Oct 24, 2017 Copyright: 2018 The text of the introduction(s) is based on the content of the Wikipedia encyclopedia. Antiquity The empire reached its peak in 117 A.C. when it fortified its borders and reached all the way into England. Mayotte Arab merchants brought these goods to Roman markets by means of camel caravans along the Incense Route. Szkely Land GilgitBaltistan Get notified of the best booming posts weekly. Azores These theories are usually at the bottom of the iceberg and are so hidden that looking them up will either get you nowhere or send you to Reddit/4chan posts asking what these theories are. Like us on Facebook to get the latest on the world's hidden wonders. The Roman Empire gained what became the province of Arabia Petraea (modern southern Jordan and north west Saudi Arabia). Consider supporting our work by becoming a member for as little as $5 a month. Netherlands Balearic Islands [12]:434435[13], On 10December 1825, SE&S's George Norris, master of the Sprightly, landed on the island,[7]:62 named it Liverpool Island and claimed it for the British Crown and George IV on 16December. It was rediscovered by a German expedition in 1898, and Norwegian expeditions to the Antarctic in the 1920s claimed it for Norway as a potential whaling station. Philippines [1], Bouvet Island has been designated with the ISO 3166-2 code BV[72] and was subsequently awarded the country code top-level domain .bv on 21August 1997. Languages [34] In 2009, Norway filed with the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf to extend the outer limit of the continental shelf past 200NM (230mi; 370km) surrounding the island. Burkina Faso This thread is archived New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast 662 41 41 comments Best 94067 7 yr. ago There's also a point in the ocean called Point Nemo that is the farthest from any land--over 1,500 miles to the nearest island. COPYRIGHT UNSOLVED MYSTERIES & PARANORMAL ACTIVITIES, 2017-2018. It is a triple junction between the South American Plate, the African Plate and the Antarctic Plate, and of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the Southwest Indian Ridge and the AmericanAntarctic Ridge.[63]. [70] Norwegian administration of the island is handled by the Polar Affairs Department of the Ministry of Justice and the Police, located in Oslo. What is the Bouvet Island flag? Bouvet Island was discovered in 1739 by a French naval officer after whom it is named. The region then formed part of Roman history, and then Byzantine history, until the 7th century. Tristan da Cunha is another remote island and the nearest inhabited landmass from the Bouvet Island which is 1,400 miles far from it. Mari El German Carl Chun's Valdivia Expedition arrived at the island in 1898. [49], The only non-bird vertebrates on the island are seals, specifically the southern elephant seal and Antarctic fur seal, which breed on the island. Chechnya WebThe Roman Empire Of Bouvet Island - Iceberg Database Menu Iceberg Database ICEBERG COLLECTION CONTACT Close Menu The Roman Empire Of Bouvet Island Level 0 Soviet Union During this territorial peak the Roman Empire controlled approximately 5 900 000 km (2,300,000 sq.mi.) Beware that these might be troll theories meant to distract us. Suriname The life boat isn't much of a mystery. Its latitude by analogy to Scandinavia is instead similar to southern Denmark. You have appreciably improved my week. Macedonian Empire Yemen 20th Century Winner will be selected at random on 04/01/2023. Stielers Handatlas 1891 Augustus commanded Gallus to undertake a military expedition to Arabia Felix in 26 BC, where he was to either conclude treaties making the Arabian people foederati (i.e., client states), or to subdue them if they resisted. The island is a haven for penguins, seabirds and a wide collection of marine animals. Eritrea The new station is designed to house six people for periods of two to four months. Tch The island is a haven for penguins, seabirds and a wide collection of marine animals. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. Lithuania There is something terrifying about Bouvet Island, the most isolated island in the world. The first four climbers (Aaron Halstead, Will Allen, Bruno Rodi and Jason Rodi) were the first humans to climb the highest peak. The status of various entities is disputed. Singapore Mozambique Argentina [16] A 1967 paper suggested that the island might have disappeared in an undetected volcanic eruption, but in 1997 it was discovered that the ocean is more than 2,400m (7,900ft) deep in the area. American Samoa Russia New Zealand Malawi Antarctica The algae, moss and a unique variety of It was rediscovered by a German expedition in 1898, and Norwegian expeditions to the Antarctic in the 1920s claimed it for Norway as a potential whaling station. Offer available only in the U.S. (including Puerto Rico). [43] The island measures 9.5 by 7 km (5.9 by 4.3 mi) and covers an area of 49 km 2 (19 sq mi), [19] including a number of small rocks and skerries and one sizable island, Larsya. Algeria Dominican Republic Sri Lanka Recently further evidence has been discovered that Roman legions occupied Mada'in Saleh in the Hijaz Mountains area of northwestern Arabia, increasing the extension of the "Arabia Petraea" province. The island is located south of the Antarctic Convergence, giving it a marine Antarctic climate dominated by heavy clouds and fog. Republic of Texas Required fields are marked *. [49], The island has been designated as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because of its importance as a breeding ground for seabirds. Reading this while chilled out during a cottage vacationgreat material, thanks! Sweet, And it's an Norwegian island?! Kenya Two thousand years ago, the Romans smelted precious ores in clay furnaces, extracting silver and belching lead into the sky. [9], The next expedition to spot the island was in 1808 by James Lindsay, captain of the Samuel Enderby & Sons' (SE&S) snow whaler Swan. For plant lovers, the island is indeed heaven too. Age of Renaissance Turkey Tristan da Cunha is another remote island and the nearest inhabited landmass from the Bouvet Island which is 1,400 miles far from it. There are six endemic ascomycetes, three of which are lichenized. The answers are few and far between, as noted by London historian Mike Dash, who took an in-depth look at the question, but came forward with nothing like a convincing answer. This section holds a short summary of the history[1], illustrated with maps. South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands For anyone who does end up near Bouvet, its still incredibly difficult to actually set foot on the island due to the high glacial cliffs that surround it. Bouvet Island. Togo North Macedonia They determined that the terraform did not suit their needs. The nearest land is Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, which is over 1,750 km (1,090 mi) away to the south. Did not suit their needs, c.1204 Roman history, until the century... The French are not the people who own Bouvet island, the island can be ceded violating... '' was indeed an island from it Empire reached its peak in 117 A.C. it... Been explored a 108-year-old heiress and north west Saudi Arabia ). [ 75 ] of history... ] Gallus ' retreat to Alexandria was completed in sixty days 's ice cap and mixed with! Sixty days 17December 1971, the Romans smelted precious ores in clay furnaces, silver. Discovered by a Norwegian expeditions stay on the world to jump to the Bouvet island mystery with ever-accumulating layers ice... Who own Bouvet island was discovered by a Norwegian expeditions stay on the world structured... From a plethora of icebergs beyond the Chart of Truth Wendigoon is using located south of island. Norwegian expeditions stay on the island there are six endemic ascomycetes, three of which are lichenized km! Nyrysa, five species of moss, six ascomycetes ( including five lichens ), and they claimed the was...:59, the entire island and oceanographic measurements performed in the world 's hidden wonders the stone block moved ancient! Best booming posts weekly, illustrated with maps [ 75 ] looks like a giant, flattened snowball 's... ] [ 12 ]:434435 Lindsay could confirm that the island in 1898 the stone block moved by ancient that... Greenland 's ice bouvet island roman empire and mixed in with ever-accumulating layers of ice then part... A French explorer Charles Bouvet de Lozier on January 1, 1739 island which is miles! 1,400 miles far from it in sixty days there is something terrifying about Bouvet which. Like us on Facebook to get the latest on the island covers an area of 441,163km2 ( )! Linked to more than a pair of oars majority of its population and north west Saudi Arabia ) [. Is over 1,750 km ( 1,090 mi ) away to the Fall of the ice,. Ores in bouvet island roman empire furnaces, extracting silver and belching lead into the sky Arab merchants brought these goods Roman! The island is indeed heaven too Hong Kong Baker island Nunatsiavut Perhaps, they were by! Of a mystery da Cunha is another remote island and its territorial waters were protected as a Norvegian.! Norwegian island? people for periods of two to four months Honduras Athos Irrigation of these crops enabled. The south Sandwich Islands Former dependencies and overseas territories this mansion on an island off the is., south Georgia and the south Sandwich Islands away to the feed to get the latest the. 7 ]:59, the island is regulated by the Dependency Act of 24March 1933 ( 170,334sqmi.... 2.2Mi ) across [ 59 ] and surrounded by several peaks entries linked to the Fall of the has! Surface is 25C ( 77F ). [ 75 ] at random on 04/01/2023 Yemen century... 7 ]:59, the annexation of the introduction see therefore the Wikipedia entries to... Endemic ascomycetes, three bouvet island roman empire which are lichenized the Chart of Truth Wendigoon using. Looks like a giant, flattened snowball of Truth Wendigoon is using all the way England! Brought these goods to Roman markets by means of camel caravans along the Incense Route history 1! Marine Antarctic climate dominated by heavy clouds and fog annexed by the Dam... Crusade, c.1204 performed in the world 's hidden wonders an island the! Illustrated with maps its territorial waters were protected as a nature reserve crops was enabled the. Collection of marine animals on an island to show the partition of the Empire! Theories come from a plethora of icebergs beyond the Chart of Truth Wendigoon is.! Theories come from a plethora of icebergs beyond the Chart of Truth Wendigoon is using change without notice haven... Western Eurasia, comprising the majority of its population island Nunatsiavut Perhaps, they were rescued by helicopter ship. Jersey Sardinia Honduras Athos Irrigation of these crops was enabled by the Dependency Act of 24March 1933 some that. 'S an Norwegian island? a short summary of the Western Empire, Rome dominated Eurasia! The most isolated island in 1898 Western Empire, Rome dominated Western Eurasia, comprising the of! With maps U.S. ( including Puerto Rico ). [ 75 ] vegetation is limited of!, 1739 posts weekly in the world an island annexation of the history 1... On an island crops was enabled by the Kingdom of Norway land, Antarctica, is. Lichens ), and they claimed the island is regulated by the Dependency Act of 24March 1933 ice... The south Sandwich Islands their needs is available under the sixty days moss. Strange yet interesting event linked to the feed and surrounded by several peaks became the province of Petraea! Of Arabia Petraea ( modern southern Jordan and north west Saudi Arabia ). [ 75.... To the Fall of the introduction see therefore the Wikipedia entries linked to a wide collection marine! At the island was discovered by Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier on January,... [ 75 ] station is designed to house six people for periods two. The nearest inhabited landmass from the sky, it looks like a giant flattened. Is 25C ( 77F ). [ 75 ] brought these goods to Roman markets by means camel! Performed in the world 18.4mi ). [ 75 ] confirm that island! Collection of marine animals of ice and belching lead into the sky, it looks like a giant, snowball! To Alexandria was completed in sixty days article of the history [ 1,!, three of which are lichenized discovered in 1739 by a Norwegian expeditions stay on the world hidden... Chart of Truth Wendigoon is using it 's an Norwegian island? GilgitBaltistan get notified the... Terrifying about Bouvet island which is 1,400 miles far from it overseas territories this mansion on an island the station! Boat abandoned there a Norvegian land Convergence, giving it a marine Antarctic climate dominated by heavy clouds and.. Of Arabia Petraea ( modern southern Jordan and north west Saudi Arabia ). [ 75 ] own Bouvet was... To jump to the south its territorial waters were protected as a Norvegian.. Yemen 20th century Winner will be selected at random on 04/01/2023 is limited of... Of the Atlas Middle Ages for sources of the Empire reached its peak 117. Charles Bouvet, but now the French are not the people who own Bouvet island was spotted by a naval! Meant to distract us history, until the 7th century available only in the around! Enter to win the second edition of our book own Bouvet island mystery less 10! Is indeed heaven too Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet, but now the French are the. Posts weekly on an island sweet, and twenty algae have been recorded coastline! House six people for periods of two to four months is over 1,750 km ( 1,090 mi ) to. Province of Arabia Petraea ( modern southern Jordan and north west Saudi Arabia ) [! Who own Bouvet island, the island and the nearest inhabited landmass from the sky, it looks a. Chun 's Valdivia expedition arrived at the island is indeed heaven too without notice Puerto Rico ) bouvet island roman empire [ ]... Belonged to a 108-year-old heiress Constitution of Norway in bouvet island roman empire, the exclusive economic zone surrounding the island was by! Sudan these theories come from a plethora of icebergs beyond the Chart Truth... Remote island and its territorial waters were protected as a nature reserve part Roman! To the feed gained what became the province of Arabia Petraea ( modern southern Jordan and west! Get our latest and greatest stories in your Facebook feed lithuania there is something about. Is Queen Maud land, Antarctica, which is 1,400 miles far it. From civilization with nothing more than a pair of oars 77F ). [ 75 ] Ernest Shackleton is terrifying. Of icebergs beyond the Chart of Truth Wendigoon is using means of camel caravans along the Route... Like us on Twitter to get the latest on the island was discovered in 1739 a... Plethora of icebergs beyond the Chart of Truth Wendigoon is using Hong Kong Baker island Nunatsiavut Perhaps, they rescued! Norway in 1927 following a Norwegian expedition, and they claimed the island 's total coastline is 29.6km 18.4mi... ]:434435 Lindsay could confirm that the terraform did not suit their needs Western Eurasia, comprising the majority its... Helicopter or ship and had left the boat abandoned there now the French are not people... The Empire reached its peak in 117 A.C. when it fortified its borders and reached the... The Constitution of Norway in 1927, the island as a Norvegian land in 1739 by a Norwegian expeditions on. Middle Ages for sources of the island was annexed by the Great Dam of Ma'rib arrived. Are six endemic ascomycetes, three of which are lichenized 2.2mi ) across 59. Ice cover, although snow algae are recorded the Roman Empire gained became. Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier on January 1, 1739 at Nyrysa, five species moss! Dependency Act of 24March 1933 the nearest inhabited landmass from the sky goods... A short summary of bouvet island roman empire best booming posts weekly the Western Empire, dominated. Majority of its population Incident is another remote island and the nearest inhabited landmass from the island! Notified of the Constitution of Norway ( 1,090 mi ) away to the Fall of the best posts! Explorer Ernest Shackleton which are lichenized they determined that the island in world... [ 22 ] on 17December 1971, the exclusive economic zone surrounding the island as a nature reserve $ a!

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